Relationship of Gingival Biotype with Angle`s Malocclusion and Incisor Inclination

Abstract

Introduction: Gingival biotype can compromise the treatment biomechanics and thus the treatment outcome in perspective of aesthetics, stability and relapse tendency. Prior understanding of gingival biotype might help to modify biomechanics, gingival thickness and tooth movement type in an attempt to provide successful patient care. Therefore, this study's goal is to assess the association between gingival biotype and with various dental malocclusions and maxillary and mandibular incisors inclination.

Methodology: According to the WHO sample size calculator, 156 participants were inducted in this investigation. Following that, three groups of subjects were established: I, II, and III in accordance with Angle`s malocclusion directives. Using a standardized periodontal probe, gingival thickness was gauged for both the upper and lower central incisors. There were two classifications for the gingival biotype: thick and thin. Visibility of the probe through the gingiva indicated thin gingival tissue, otherwise it indicated thick tissue. Cephalometric angles UI-SN and IMPA were used to determine maxillary and mandibular incisors inclination. 

Results: The age range for this study was 15-30 years, out of which 28 were males and 128 were female. The associations among gender, age (grouped), and Using chi square [?2], Angle's categorization with gingival biotype was determined. Utilizing multivariate analysis, the relationship between gingival biotypes was evaluated. Angle’s malocclusion had no relation with the gingival biotype in both maxilla (p=0.305) and mandible (p=0.258). Student t-test was used for continuous data. The logistic regression models were carried out for the study variables. There was a strong association between maxillary incisal inclination (UI-SN) and occurrence of thin gingival biotype (p=0.005). No correlation was present between mandibular incisal inclination and gingival biotype (p=0.872).

Conclusion: As individuals grow older, they are more likely to exhibit a thin gingival biotype than a thick one.Gingival biotype and mandibular incisor inclination do not correlate, while those with greater incisal inclination (UI-SN) had thin gingival biotype. When comparing gingival biotype to Angle's malocclusion and gender, no correlation was detected.