Radiographic assessment of the prevalence of maxillary canine impaction according to sector method- A cross sectional study

Madiha Ishfaq; Huma Sikandar; Zafar Ul Islam; Kawish Syed; Sadia Nisar Ahmed; Shahab Adil

Radiographic assessment of the prevalence of maxillary canine impaction according to sector method- A cross sectional study

Authors

Madiha Ishfaq BDS. Resident, Department of Orthodontics, Peshawar Dental Hospital, Riphah International University Islamabad.
Huma Sikandar BDS. Lecturer, Department of Orthodontics, Peshawar Dental Hospital, Riphah International University Islamabad.
Zafar Ul Islam BDS, FCPS. Assistant Professor, Department of Orthodontics, Peshawar Dental College, Riphah International University Islamabad.
Kawish Syed BDS, MCPS. Assistant Professor, Department of Periodontology, Sardar Begum Dental College, Gandhara University Peshawar, Pakistan.
Sadia Nisar Ahmed BDS, FCPS. Assistant Professor, Head of department of Orthodontics, Bacha Khan College of Dentistry, Khyber Medical University, Peshawar, Pakistan.
Shahab Adil BDS, FCPS. Professor, Department of Orthodontics, Peshawar Dental Hospital, Riphah International University Islamabad, Pakistan.

Keywords:

Orthopantomography, radiography, tooth, unilateral

Abstract

Introduction: An impacted tooth is the one that fails to erupt at its specific site in the dental arch, within its normal period of development. Determining whether impaction will occur and timing the treatment modalities that are affected by impacted canine (s) are paramount for a successful outcome. The objective of the study was to find out prevalence of sector-wise impacted maxillary canine on panoramic radiographs of patients reporting for orthodontic treatment in a tertiary care hospital.

Material and Methods: This cross-sectional analytical study was conducted on fifty panoramic radiographs of orthodontic patients with canine impaction at a tertiary care hospital using a non-probability sampling technique. The panoramic radiographs were assessed by trained clinical practitioners and maxillary canine impaction was scored using Lindauer et al modified (1992) sectorâ€™s method. The data was statistically analyzed through SPSS version 20.0. Standard deviations and means of continuous variables were calculated as descriptive statistics. The chi- square test was applied to determine any differences in the distribution of maxillary canine impaction when stratified by location (sector) and gender. The probability value (P value = 0.05) was considered a statistically significant level.

Results: The maxillary canines were more frequently impacted in sector 1 (male: 7, female: 8) and sector 2 (male: 8, female: 10). Unilateral impaction, as compared to bilateral impaction, was found greater in both genders with 32 among 50 cases. No statistically significant difference was found between female and male patients regarding sectors classification and unilateral; or bilateral impaction.

Conclusions: Unilateral maxillary canine impaction was more common than bilateral. The peak of cusp tip of the maxillary canine was more sited in sector 1 and 2 while there was no statistically significant gender difference regarding unilateral versus bilateral and mesio-distal canine position.